{"id":324,"date":"2018-10-24T07:05:03","date_gmt":"2018-10-24T07:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theparadiselostlibrary.com\/?page_id=324"},"modified":"2018-11-28T06:29:57","modified_gmt":"2018-11-28T06:29:57","slug":"lectures-on-the-english-poets-1818","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/theparadiselostlibrary.com\/index.php\/poets-prose-writers\/the-satanic-school\/william-hazlitt-1778-1830\/lectures-on-the-english-poets-1818\/","title":{"rendered":"Lectures on the English Poets (1818)"},"content":{"rendered":"

William Hazlitt (1778 \u2013 1830)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lectures on the English Poets<\/em> (1818), \u201cLecture III: On Shakespeare and Milton\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\u2026]<\/p>\n

To proceed to a consideration of the merits of Paradise Lost, in the most essential point of view, I mean as to the poetry of character and passion I shall say nothing of the fable, or of other technical objections or excellences; but I shall try to explain at once the foundation of the interest belonging to the poem. I am ready to give up the dialogues in Heaven, where, as Pope justly observes, \u201cGod the Father turns a school-divine\u201d;\u00a0nor do I consider the battle of the angels as the climax of sublimity, or the most successful effort of Milton\u2019s pen. In a word, the interest of the poem arises from the daring ambition and fierce passions of Satan, and from the account of the paradisaical happiness, and the loss of it by our first parents. Three-fourths of the work are taken up with these characters, and nearly all that relates to them is unmixed sublimity and beauty.\u00a0The two first books alone are like two massy pillars of solid gold.<\/p>\n

Satan is the most heroic subject that ever was chosen for a poem; and the execution is as perfect as the design is lofty. He was the first of created beings,\u00a0who, for endeavouring to be equal with the highest, and to divide the empire of heaven with the Almighty,\u00a0was hurled down to hell. His aim was no less than the throne of the universe;\u00a0his means, myriads of angelic armies bright, the third part of the heavens, whom he lured after him with his countenance,\u00a0and who durst defy the Omnipotent in arms.\u00a0His ambition was the greatest, and his punishment was the greatest; but not so his despair, for his fortitude was as great as his sufferings.\u00a0His strength of mind was matchless as his strength of body; the vastness of his designs did not surpass the firm, inflexible determination with which he submitted to his irreversible doom, and final loss of all good. His power of action and of suffering was equal. He was the greatest power that was ever overthrown, with the strongest will left to resist or to endure. He was baffled, not confounded. He stood like a tower; or<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2014\u2014 As when Heaven\u2019s fire<\/p>\n

Hath scathed the forest oaks or mountain pines\u201d [PL<\/em> I.612\u201313].<\/p>\n

He was still surrounded with hosts of rebel angels, armed warriors, who own him as their sovereign leader, and with whose fate he sympathises as he views them round, far as the eye can reach;\u00a0though he keeps aloof from them in his own mind, and holds supreme counsel only with his own breast. An outcast from Heaven, Hell trembles beneath his feet, Sin and Death are at his heels, and mankind are his easy prey.<\/p>\n

\u201cAll is not lost; th\u2019 unconquerable will,<\/p>\n

And study of revenge, immortal hate,<\/p>\n

And courage never to submit or yield,<\/p>\n

And what else is not to be overcome,\u201d [PL<\/em> I.106\u201309]<\/p>\n

are still his. The sense of his punishment seems lost in the magnitude of it; the fierceness of tormenting flames is qualified and made innoxious by the greater fierceness of his pride; the loss of infinite happiness to himself is compensated in thought, by the power of inflicting infinite misery on others. Yet Satan is not the principle of malignity, or of the abstract love of evil\u2014but of the abstract love of power, of pride, of self-will personified, to which last principle all other good and evil, and even his own, are subordinate.\u00a0From this principle he never once flinches. His love of power and contempt for suffering are never once relaxed from the highest pitch of intensity. His thoughts burn like a hell within him; but the power of thought holds dominion in his mind over every other consideration. The consciousness of a determined purpose, of \u201cthat intellectual being, those thoughts that wander through eternity\u201d [PL<\/em> II.147\u201348] though accompanied with endless pain, he prefers to nonentity, to \u201cbeing swallowed up and lost in the wide womb of uncreated night\u201d [PL<\/em> II.149\u201350].\u00a0He expresses the sum and substance of all ambition in one line. \u201cFallen cherub, to be weak is miserable, doing or suffering!\u201d [PL<\/em> I.157]. After such a conflict as his, and such a defeat, to retreat in order, to rally, to make terms, to exist at all, is something; but he does more than this\u2014he founds a new empire in hell, and from it conquers this new world, whither he bends his undaunted flight, forcing his way through nether and surrounding fires. The poet has not in all this given us a mere shadowy outline; the strength is equal to the magnitude of the conception. The Achilles of Homer is not more distinct; the Titans were not more vast; Prometheus chained to his rock was not a more terrific example of suffering and of crime.\u00a0Wherever the figure of Satan is introduced, whether he walks or flies, \u201crising aloft incumbent on the dusky air\u201d [PL<\/em> I.226], it is illustrated with the most striking and appropriate images: so that we see it always before us, gigantic, irregular, portentous, uneasy, and disturbed\u2014but dazzling in its faded splendour, the clouded ruins of a god.\u00a0The deformity of Satan is only in the depravity of his will; he has no bodily deformity to excite our loathing or disgust. The horns and tail are not there, poor emblems of the unbending, unconquered spirit, of the writhing agonies within. Milton was too magnanimous and open an antagonist to support his argument by the bye-tricks of a hump and cloven foot; to bring into the fair field of controversy the good old catholic prejudices of which Tasso and Dante have availed themselves,\u00a0and which the mystic German critics would restore. He relied on the justice of his cause, and did not scruple to give the devil his due. Some persons may think that he has carried his liberality too far, and injured the cause he professed to espouse by making him the chief person in his poem. Considering the nature of his subject, he would be equally in danger of running into this fault, from his faith in religion, and his love of rebellion;\u00a0and perhaps each of these motives had its full share in determining the choice of his subject.<\/p>\n

Not only the figure of Satan, but his speeches in council, his soliloquies, his address to Eve, his share in the war in heaven, or in the fall of man, shew the same decided superiority of character. [\u2026]<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

William Hazlitt (1778 \u2013 1830)   Lectures on the English Poets (1818), \u201cLecture III: On Shakespeare and Milton\u201d [\u2026] To proceed to a consideration of the merits of Paradise Lost, in the most essential point of view, I mean as to the poetry of character and passion I shall say nothing of the fable, or… <\/p>\n

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